EMBASSY OPINION: Media freedom is the lifeblood, and politicians in BiH openly attack journalists

(Patria) - Joint opinion of the Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Embassy of the United Kingdom, the Embassy of the Czech Republic, the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Embassy of the United States of America “Media Freedoms: The Foundation of Democracy Under Threat in Bosnia and Herzegovina” was delivered to media editorial offices today.

"As we marked International Human Rights Day on December 10, we were reminded of the global commitment to upholding the dignity and rights of every person, as stated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. A key part of this framework is the protection of fundamental freedoms, including media freedom.

Five years ago, the Media Freedom Coalition (MFC) was founded in London at the Global Conference on Media Freedom. Marking this anniversary is an opportunity not only to recall the achievements of the MFC, but also to renew our shared commitment to protecting media freedom—the foundation of democracy. Unfortunately, this also applies to Bosnia and Herzegovina, where media freedom is increasingly under threat.

I. Pillars of Media Freedom

Media freedom is not a luxury; it is the lifeblood of democracy and civil society. Free media inform citizens, empower them to participate in public debates, and enable them to make informed decisions at elections. They expose abuses, highlight corruption, and hold those in power accountable.

The impact of independent media extends beyond politics. In the economic sphere, they build trust, reduce information asymmetries, and foster growth. The European Commission has identified media freedom as a key priority for Bosnia and Herzegovina's EU accession. However, in its latest report, the Commission stated that there has been no progress in this area.

For media to thrive, they must be protected from political interference and free from financial pressures. Journalists must be able to work without fear of intimidation, violence, or retaliation. Media pluralism ensures that all voices are heard, including those of minorities. These principles are non-negotiable; they are the foundation of a vibrant society.

II. Bosnia and Herzegovina Continues to Face Challenges

The decline of media freedom in Bosnia and Herzegovina is alarming. The country fell from 64th to 81st place on the 2024 Media Freedom Index, a warning sign. Politicians openly attack journalists, media regulatory bodies face undue pressure, and restrictive laws stifle critical journalism.

An example of this is the re-criminalization of defamation in Republika Srpska, adopted in July 2023. This law, disguised as regulation, penalizes journalists with high fines and encourages self-censorship. Proposed "fake news" laws in Sarajevo Canton pose a similar threat. Although the draft law on "foreign agents" in Republika Srpska was withdrawn in May 2024, it highlighted the hostile environment
faced by journalists.

Violence against journalists remains widespread. Threats and intimidation, coupled with a lack of accountability for some of these crimes, further undermine trust in the system. The financial collapse of the Radio-Television of Bosnia and Herzegovina (the national public service broadcaster), along with political interference in regional media, only worsens the crisis. The lack of transparency in media ownership further creates fertile ground for propaganda and manipulation.

We stand in solidarity with journalists and media workers in BiH and commend and encourage their efforts to produce high-quality journalism on important issues, so that citizens receive information they can trust.

III. The Media Freedom Coalition: A Blueprint for Action

The MFC stands as a beacon of hope in the fight for media freedom. With 51 members across six continents, the coalition works to protect journalists and uphold media freedom worldwide. Its Global Pledge commits members to concrete actions against violations of media freedom, offering a roadmap for reform. The MFC's tools are diverse and impactful:

Advocacy: By highlighting cases of concern, such as the October 2023 statement on Bosnia and Herzegovina, the MFC draws global attention to deteriorating media conditions.

Embassy Networks: Coordinating joint actions, including statements, diplomatic interventions, and financial support for media organizations, strengthens efforts on the ground.

Legal Reforms: The High-Level Panel of Legal Experts on Media Freedom provides invaluable guidance on legislation that protects journalists and promotes media freedom. The Global Media Defence Fund: Through this initiative, MFC members have supported over 120 projects worldwide since 2020, including legal aid for journalists and funding for investigations into crimes against them.

Bosnia and Herzegovina could greatly benefit from joining the MFC in the future, utilizing its resources, expertise, and diplomatic networks. However, to work towards the prospect of MFC membership, BiH and both its entities must take responsibility for improving the state of media freedom in line with their international human rights obligations and commitments to media freedom undertaken by all MFC members.

The MFC is ready to cooperate with Bosnia and Herzegovina, using the expertise of legal experts who are part of the high-level panel, as well as the advisory network, to ensure that relevant legislation and domestic measures related to media freedom and journalist safety are in line with international standards.

IV. A Call to Action

Laws that stifle freedom of expression must be repealed. Transparency in media ownership is non-negotiable. Public service broadcasters must be adequately funded and protected from political interference. Most importantly, attacks on journalists must be investigated, prosecuted, and unequivocally condemned by all sectors of society, regardless of political affiliation.

Media freedom is not a passive ideal; it requires constant effort. Without it, democracy falters, corruption thrives, and citizens are left voiceless. Bosnia and Herzegovina must rise to this challenge - not only to meet EU membership criteria, but for the future of its democracy and the rights of its citizens.